Duties of the Heart

One of the classic books in Jewish literature is, “Duties of the Heart,” or חובת הלבבות, written by Rabbeinu Bachye. It was written in Spain at the end of the eleventh century.

Rabbeinu Bachye was trying to fill a void that was lacking in the service of Hashem. He felt that Jews were not sufficiently using their intellect to develop a closer bond with G-d.

He made a distinction between those commandments that a person does with his body, and those done through thought and emotion. For example, the holiday season has us blowing the Shofar, building a Succah, and taking the Lulav and Etrog. We fulfill these Mitzvot with physical acts.

But there are numerous Mitzvot that are done by way of thought or the intellect. We are to acknowledge the Oneness of G-d. We are to love and fear Him, and sanctify His Name. We are commanded to love every Jew, and not take revenge or hold a grudge. All of the Torah fits into these two categories.

The point of Duties of the Heart, is to teach us how to have the right intent in the fulfillment of all of the Mitzvot. Before performing any of the commandments, one should pause and think how the act that he is about to do, is designed to bring Him closer to G-d. Having the proper intent, or Kavana, is generally lacking by most Jews.

Perhaps this should be a New Year’s resolution that we show gratitude that we were given the Torah, in the way we observe its Mitzvot.

The greatest feeling of joy and contentment that man can achieve, is when he feels a deep bond and connection with Hashem. The advice and direction of Rabbeinu Bechaye, will help us acquire this cherished connection.