Pshat, Drash, Sod

The Ramban has a three layered interpretation of the Pasuk that said that Hashem blessed Avraham, “Bakol,” with everything. He explains the “Bakol,” on a Pshat level, Drash level, and Sod level.

The Pshat level is more of a simple or literal interpretation. In Avraham’s case, it meant that he was blessed with wealth, long life, possessions, and children. The only thing he lacked was to see his son, Yitzchak, get married.

On a Drash level, where certain points are derived from the Torah’s wording, the “Bakol”meant that he had a daughter, and her name was Bakol. This is how it is interpreted that now he had everything.

On the level of “Sod,” that reflects the more mystical, or secretive part of the Torah, there is a deeper interpretation. The Ramban explained that Avraham’s soul was now connected to the source of Divine blessing. It was a sign that he reached a level of spiritual perfection.

This is a good example of showing how the Torah can be understood on many different levels. A young child or beginner to Judaism, may be satisfied just understanding the simple interpretation of the test.

As one grows in his studies, he will begin seeking a deeper understanding of the Torah that will lead to Drash or Sod. There are many faces to the Torah, which is the reason why the study of Torah is so fascinating.