The Islamic law of Abrogation is called Naskh

Islam teaches that in the Quran there are some verses that often “abrogate,” or “cancel out,” other verses. Certain verses are rendered null and void by other verses. Consequently, they are no longer applicable. Muslims do not consider these abrogations to be contradictions but see them as improvements that better suited the changing circumstances, or needs, of the early Muslims.

Many things changed during the twenty-three years when Prophet Muhammad revealed the Quran. As the historical circumstances changed. the Quran changed.

There are a number of important examples of the law of abrogation. They include the original direction of prayer which was toward Jerusalem, and the command for Muslims to allow freedom of worship for all.

Prayer Was Originally facing toward Jerusalem.
In his early years Prophet Muhammad had some degree of acceptance among Jews; so prayer was originally made toward the city of Jerusalem, the holy city of Christians and Jews. However, when most Jews and Christians did not accept Muhammad as their prophet the direction of prayer was abrogated. Prayer was now to be directed toward the Arab pagan holy city, Mecca.

Freedom of Worship for All Was Originally Commanded.
Several verses in the Quran promote Islam as a peaceful and tolerant religion. The most admirable and important Quran verse states, “There is no compulsion in religion.” (Surah 2:256)

Sadly, this very important verse, which was a clear rejection of the Catholic statement that “there is no salvation outside the Church”, was later considered to be abrogated by a verse that states: “O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers and the hypocrites and be unyielding to them; their abode is hell, and evil is their destination.” (Surah 9:73)

Thus, the Quran’s clear teaching of religious pluralism was often cancelled out by this much more narrow-minded teaching. Nevertheless, the Jews in Muslim majority states were hardly ever forced to become Muslims; as happened so often in Christian majority states like Spain and its Inquisition.

The New Testament specifically says that Christian believers are not to obey (i.e.abrogate) any of these dietary laws. Paul wrote to the Colossians, “Therefore let no one pass judgment on you, in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath. These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.” (Colossians 2:16-17 ESV)

The New Living Bible Translation states it this way. “So don’t let anyone condemn you for what you eat or drink, or for not celebrating certain holy days or new-moon ceremonies or Sabbaths. For these rules were only shadows of the real thing, Christ himself. (Colossians 2:16-17 NLT)

So Christians are no longer obligated to celebrate the Sabbath, or any of the other Torah ceremonial laws. These have been abrogated and done away with.

The Tsom/Swam of the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur is the oldest monotheistic fast; and the Tsom/Swam of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan is the most widespread; as the Qur’an states, “Oh you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that you may (learn) self-restraint.” (2:183)

As Prophet Muhammad said, “Whoever does not give up deceitful speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his stopping eating food and drink.” (Bukhari Vol.3, 31, #127)

The Jewish Prophet Isaiah, speaking for God, also said the same thing: “The truth is that at the same time you fast, you pursue your own interests and oppress your workers. Your fasting makes you violent, and you quarrel and fight. The kind of fasting I (God) want is this: remove the chains of oppression and the yoke of injustice and let the oppressed go free. Share your food with the hungry and open your homes to the homeless poor” (58:3-7)

This passage is read every year during the religious services of the 24 hour fast of Yom Kippur-Day of Atonement; to remind us that fasting must lead us to giving up deceitful speech and evil actions.

Fortunately, there are large numbers of ordinary Jews and Muslims who do turn to Allah in repentance every day, who we never hear about because they are not famous or boastful. They embody, as Elsa Febiola Aryanti, wrote in the July 28, 2013 issue of Aquila style magazine, Silaturrahim, an Arabic word meaning brotherhood or the bond of friendship.

Examples of silaturrahim are building communities, family reunion, and demonstrating kindness towards neighbors. Especially during Ramadan, silaturrahim is highly rewarded by Allah. It is regarded as one of the highest good deeds in Islam, placed within the same level as performing salat and paying zakat.

With silaturrahim, Muslims are encouraged to reconnect or strengthen ties that have been severed, lost, or overlooked. Not only with those that we have wronged or that have wronged us, but also by reconnecting with our family, our society and ourselves. Here are two stories; one an ancient Islamic one, and the other a modern Jewish one, that can offer us inspiration for our own turning to God during our fasting and our living.

A righteous Muslim man was once asked to tell the story of the pivotal moment of his life, the moment when he first began to apply the teachings of Islam to his life and his answer was:

As a young man, I would not hesitate to perpetrate any sin I could. One day, I saw the most beautiful woman I had ever seen. Much tempted by her, I indicated to her to approach me. She seemed nervous, but I thought that she would agree to satisfy my sexual desires for money. She approached me with a great deal of trepidation, and when she stood before me, she looked terrified.

Feeling sorry for her, I said, ‘Do not fear, for I will not harm you.’ But my words did not lessen her fright in the least; in fact, she began to tremble like a palm tree leaf trembles with the wind. I said, ‘Tell me your story.’

She said, ‘By Allah, never before this day have I offered my body in this way. Dire need is what has driven me to this, for I have three daughters who have not eaten a single morsel of food for three days now. It was pity for them that brought me to this low point in my life.’

For the first time in my life, I felt pity; her story moved me, and I no longer entertained the intention of taking advantage of her. After she told me where she lived, I took a great deal of money, clothing, and food to her house.

When I returned to my house, I told my mother what had happened. My mother knew that I had a book in which I would record all of my evil deeds, so she said to me, ‘My son, you are a man who has never performed a good deed except for the good deed that you performed today. I know that you have a book in which you record your evil exploits, go now and write in it your good deed.’

I stood up, went to my book, opened it, and found that all its pages were blank- except for the first page on which was written a single line. “Indeed, good deeds push away misdeeds. That is a reminder for those who remember.” (Qur’an 11:114)

At that very moment, I raised my hands to the sky and said, ‘By Your Might and Majesty, never again will I disobey You.’

And in today’s busy world a Jewish man wrote: One night while driving home from work after a very long day, around 11 p.m. I saw a mother standing on the curb with two little boys and a baby in her arms. She hailed me in Spanish, but I looked away and continued.

Suddenly, I remembered my own mother telling me that the best Mitsvot (Jewish duties) were the ones you don’t want to do, but you know you must do. The feeling of responsibility for others, and to God, was what turned a simple good deed into a Mitsvah (a Jewish duty).

I was just starting a new career at that time and very self-involved and self-centered. Yet I realized that the woman and her small children might be in danger. So, I drove around the block and stopped. The mother had a business card in her hand for a car wash that was quite far away. She spoke only Spanish, but I gathered her husband was working there and she was trying to bring him his dinner.

She had gotten off the bus at the wrong place and was now walking in the wrong direction. To be honest, I regretted stopping since she wasn’t in any danger; my mind was telling me I was a softy. All I could think was, “I’m so tired, now I’ll have a long drive over there and back, and I have to get up very early.”

Nonetheless, despite my irritated and regretful attitude, I loaded the little boys in the back seat and the mother and baby in the front. When we arrived at the car wash, her husband, the night watchman, was waiting and worrying. When he saw his family, his face lit up. His wife quickly told him the story.

His gratitude was so effusive, that I felt ashamed I had passed her by at first. And I was doubly ashamed by my attitude. It cost me only 45 minutes of my time and I was rewarded by a deep, guiltless sleep that night.

The memory of that Mitsvah (a Jewish duty) changed me forever. I see the world and the people around me with new eyes and pay attention to them religiously. I am still grateful to her, because through our encounter I learned a huge lesson about my own self-centeredness.

I learned that if you do a Mitsvah, even with the wrong attitude, you’ve still done the right thing; and by some divine law you will become a better person.

Now, whenever I become too absorbed into how important I am in this world, where personal freedom and personal choice is considered the ultimate, I look outward and upward to see where my next lesson will come from. I know I will get a spiritual jolt from an opportunity to help someone. The greatest chapter in the Bible is Leviticus 19. It starts out by telling us “You should be holy for I the Lord your God am holy.”

Study the whole chapter and you will see that holiness is more important than successes, happiness, or even self-fulfillment. I do not do a Mitsvah (a Jewish duty) because it is what I want to do; and frequently, doing a Mitsvah isn’t fun. But Mitsvot lead us to holiness, and holiness connects us to God, a much higher plane than happiness.

These are only two out of millions of stories that show the transforming power of empathy and religious consciousness in individual lives that follow the teachings of God’s Prophets.

As Prophet Isaiah states: “Let the wicked forsake their ways and the unrighteous their thoughts. Let them turn to the Lord, who will have mercy on them, and to our God, who will freely pardon (them)”. (55:7)

And as the Qur’an states: “Say, O My servants who have transgressed against themselves (by sinning), do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful. Return (in repentance) to your Lord and submit to Him before the punishment comes upon you. Then you will not be helped.” (39:53-54)