Behar/Behukotai: Torah and real estate, and when too much isn’t enough
The real estate industry in my native New York is perched precariously on a precipice. Today, no one in their right mind would invest in a commercial property in New York City (or any major American metropolis for that matter). This was not the case only four years ago.
It took the coronavirus pandemic to teach American business leaders that a fortune could be saved, and dropped straight to the bottom line, by allowing qualified employees to work from home.
As of today, some 20% of commercial office space in Manhattan – totaling 175 million square feet – is unrented. And, as long-term leases expire, the vacancy rate only escalates. Desperate landlords, mortgaged to the hilt, are looking for ways to recombobulate older office buildings into residential units, with little success. The domino effect on everything from the corner bagel cart to the City’s tax revenue is being horribly impacted, and the worst is yet to come
In the past there have been peaks and troughs in the commercial real estate business. These were in synch with economic cycles. But this new crash is not cyclical. It will be permanent. The way business is done has changed forever thanks to the blessing of hi-tech and the curse of COVID. And there is no new source of demand for space waiting in the wings.
Now, if the landlords actually owned their properties it would be bad enough. But they don’t. Most properties are highly leveraged, so there will be no way to meet the mortgage payments when the buildings stand half empty. Banks will foreclose on the properties, and will be forced to literally give the repossessed buildings away at fire sale prices, assuming there will be any demand, which is unlikely. As for the landlords who believed they were the most secure people in the world . . .
As for retail spaces, these have been in a tailspin for years. Between landlord greed and the onslaught of online shopping options, city dwellers have long since gotten accustomed to living without the mom and pop stores that are so important for urban quality of life. Now even the big box retailers are in a tailspin. Bed Bath & Beyond just went belly up. Others are sure to follow.
And so with these thoughts in mind, I offer my notes on Parshat Behar.
Parshat Behar: The existential difference
between ‘Land’ and ‘Real Estate’
I came across a mordantly and presciently cynical cartoon that appeared on the cover of a Hungarian humor magazine in the late 19th Century. The magazine was, of course, published and edited by Jews who were pretty much on the forefront of everything that was happening in fin de siècle Budapest
On the magazine cover we see the back of a very well-fed Jew clad in his Shabbat finery overlooking Andrassy Street (then the new Champs Elysee of Budapest). Clearly he is a real estate developer and he is proudly declaring “How goodly are thy tents O Jacob” (מה טובו אהליך יעקב). The brilliant cartoonist could not possibly have grasped just how profound his sarcasm was. The Jewish real estate developer with his thousands of square meters of buildings actually believing that he has made it, that he is secure, that nothing is more sure than owning the most prime property.
Of course we all know what eventually happened. Andrassy Street is still the Champs Elysee of Budapest. As for the descendants of that developer and all the others who built ‘Judapest’ – either smoke over Auschwitz or evaporated through terminal assimilation.
One might think we have learned the lesson. But, no. To this day real estate remains he holy grail of so many of our moguls, especially Orthodox ones – skyscrapers in New York, huge projects in Germany, buying up every piece of property in London. It isn’t just greed. It’s the quest for a security that simply isn’t there.
The Jewish lust for property is in diametric contrast to the Torah’s adamant point of view regarding real estate. The Torah is very clear; every Israelite is entitled to his modest piece of land in perpetuity (for the Levite it is his urban domicile). Beyond that, real estate can neither be bought nor sold. At the very most it can be leased for the duration of a 50 year Jubliee cycle. After that it must revert to its original owner.
…בשנת היובל הזאת תשבו איש אל אחוזתו
(ויקרא כה:יג)
… כי מספר תבואות הוא מכר לך
(כה:טז)
“During this Jubilee year every man shall return to his landholding … for he only sold (leased) you the number of harvests”
(Leviticus 25: 13 and16)
Clearly the Torah has a loathing for the real estate industry. It understands the hubris property ownership causes, and the false sense of security is gives.
Some years ago I hailed a taxi in Washington DC. The driver was a pleasant Palestinian Arab psychologist who was waiting to get licensed in the US. We started chatting. After a few minutes he turned off the meter and pulled over while we continued a fascinating conversation that ultimately chilled me to the core. My cabby told me that Arabs like him greatly admire and envy Israel for its freedom and democratic values. “But in the end”, he said, “you will lose to us”. I asked him why he was so sure, and his response devastated me: “Because for you it is about real estate while for us it is about land.”
For once I was absolutely speechless, and had nothing to say in response.
Real estate is not a business. It is a narcotic with which more is never, ever, ever enough. And the worst part of this drug is that it lulls one into a false sense of security.
We do not live in an era when it is realistic to have equal distribution of Israel’s limited land resources in perpetuity. But the teaching in Parshat Behar should not be ignored. We crave real estate at our own peril – and not merely at the peril of the developer/owner/landlord. Rather, they imperil all of us through their greed by turning our “land” into “real estate”. Bad enough in the Diaspora where it is merely supercilious ego and personal existential continuity that is at stake. But here, where we are meant to live, it is lethal.
* * *
Parshat Behukotai: When too much is not enough
Parshat Behukotai closes Vayikra/Leviticus with a litany of the terrors G-d will visit upon His people unless they obey His law. And the consequences are horrifying indeed.
As the climax builds with horror heaped upon horror, the list of punishments seems to pause for a moment with the interjection of verse 26:26 which, in the context of this catalog of afflictions, seems rather benign. To whit:
בשברי לכם מטה לחם ואפו עשר נשים לחמכם בתנור אחד והשיבו לחמכם במשקל ןאכלתם ולא תשבעו
When I break your supply of bread, ten women shall bake your bread in a single oven and shall dole out your bread again by weight, and you shall eat and not be satisfied. — Vayikra/Leviticus26:26
Of course the absence of sufficient ovens, and a resulting bread shortage are nothing to celebrate. Nevertheless, after panic, wasting disease, fever that consume the eyes and make the heart ache, being struck down before one’s enemies, making our heavens like iron and our earth like bronze, letting loose the wild beasts against us, bereaving us of our children, bringing a sword upon us, sending a pestilence among us, and delivering us in the hand of our enemy …(16:25) a bread shortage does seem a bit anticlimactic.
Which is why I would suggest a radical re-reading of verse 26 which would fit very well as a literal translation:
“As I provision you with the staff of bread, and ten women will bake your loaves in a single oven and your bread shall be returned in its (proper) measure, yet you shall eat and not be sated.”
What the Torah is telling us is that there will come a time when a single oven can produce tenfold, i.e. we will have ten times as much as we can possibly eat, and still we will have that empty feeling of want. We will never be satisfied.
This is indeed the worst affliction of all. Why? Because when we are attacked by beasts, or driven from our homes, or put to the sword, or beset by pestilence, or – Heaven forbid – bereft of our children, at least we are conscious of what the problem is. The affliction is objective, quantifiable, it has a name.
But when we have everything we could possibly want – indeed tenfold – and are still constantly hungry for more, perpetually dissatisfied, then we are really in deep trouble. Because we have no clue as to what ails us. We have no comprehension of why we feel so empty. And, indeed, rather than strive for less in order to achieve some balance and coherence, we just up the ante and strive to get even “more, more more”.
Such are the times in which we live. When the bakeries produce ten times as many breads as we need. When we have more toys and gadgets than we can possibly use. When there are three Lexuses in the driveway, and Passover is a food binge at a five star hotel (or at least it used to be) – and all we want is even more – then we are truly in BIG trouble. Because we can’t even put our finger on the problem. We actually think this is normal! And our children grow up with a bottomless sense of entitlement that allows no room for natural ambitions, genuine fulfillment, meaningful vocations.
Perhaps it is no coincidence that this verse is 26:26. Twenty-six is the gematria (numerical equivalent) of G-d’s name Y-H-W-H. This punishment bears the double seal of Divine authorship. And it is a brilliant punishment indeed, because we suffer from it without even understanding why we are suffering.